Electric Vehicle (EV)

EV traction batteries represent the pinnacle of current battery technology innovation, directly determining vehicle range, acceleration, charging experience, and safety. Consumer and market demands are comprehensive and constantly escalating: pursuit of higher energy density to reduce weight and increase range; need for higher power density for strong acceleration; reliance on ultra-fast charging to alleviate range anxiety; a "zero-tolerance" approach to safety where any thermal runaway risk is unacceptable; and the necessity for continuously decreasing costs to achieve parity with internal combustion engine vehicles. Technology pathways show a diverse competitive landscape, evolving towards next-generation technologies like solid-state batteries.